Turkmenistan is a country in Asia (Central Asia) with a total population of 7,494,498 as of 2024. It covers an area of 488,100 km², resulting in a population density of 15.7 people per km².

The average life expectancy is 70.1 years (66.9 for men, 72.8 for women). The fertility rate stands at 2.69 children per woman, and the median age of the population is 29.5 years.

The country's population growth rate is 1.75% per year. Net migration is 14,646 people, indicating that more people are moving into the country than leaving. The infant mortality rate is 31.2 per 1,000 live births.

Demographic Profile

Turkmenistan is located in Central Asia, a part of Asia, and covers an area of 488,100 km². With a population of 7,494,498, the country has a population density of 15.7 inhabitants per square kilometer, which is below the global average of approximately 60 people per km².

The demographic structure of Turkmenistan reveals a population in demographic transition. The median age of 29.5 years means that half of the population is younger and half is older than this age. The population is in a transitional phase, with declining birth rates and improving life expectancy gradually shifting the age structure toward an older profile.

Health and Longevity

Life expectancy in Turkmenistan stands at 70.1 years overall — 66.9 years for men and 72.8 years for women. This is close to the global average, indicating ongoing improvements in healthcare and living conditions. The infant mortality rate is 31.2 per 1,000 live births, which indicates significant challenges in maternal and child healthcare.

Fertility and Population Growth

The total fertility rate (TFR) of 2.69 children per woman is above the replacement level of 2.1, contributing to population growth. The population is growing at a rate of 1.75% per year. At this rate, the population could double within approximately 40 years if trends continue.

Migration

Net migration in Turkmenistan is 14,646 people, meaning more people are moving into the country than leaving. The country serves as a destination for migrants, which helps offset low natural population growth and fills labor market needs.

Outlook

Based on current demographic trends, Turkmenistan's population dynamics reflect broader patterns seen across Central Asia. The ongoing demographic transition will require careful policy planning to harness the potential of a changing population structure.