Nigeria is a country in Africa (Western Africa) with a total population of 232,679,478 as of 2024. It covers an area of 923,768 km², resulting in a population density of 250.2 people per km².

The average life expectancy is 54.5 years (54.2 for men, 54.7 for women). The fertility rate stands at 4.48 children per woman, and the median age of the population is 23.0 years.

The country's population growth rate is 2.08% per year. Net migration is -35,202 people, indicating that more people are leaving the country than arriving. The infant mortality rate is 60.1 per 1,000 live births.

Demographic Profile

Nigeria is located in Western Africa, a part of Africa, and covers an area of 923,768 km². With a population of 232,679,478, the country has a population density of 250.2 inhabitants per square kilometer, which is above the global average of approximately 60 people per km².

The demographic structure of Nigeria reveals a relatively young population. The median age of 23.0 years means that half of the population is younger and half is older than this age. This young demographic structure suggests a large working-age population entering the labor market in coming years, presenting both opportunities for economic growth and challenges in terms of job creation and education.

Health and Longevity

Life expectancy in Nigeria stands at 54.5 years overall — 54.2 years for men and 54.7 years for women. This is below the global average, reflecting challenges in healthcare access, nutrition, or ongoing conflicts. The infant mortality rate is 60.1 per 1,000 live births, which indicates significant challenges in maternal and child healthcare.

Fertility and Population Growth

The total fertility rate (TFR) of 4.48 children per woman is above the replacement level of 2.1, contributing to population growth. The population is growing at a rate of 2.08% per year. At this rate, the population could double within approximately 34 years if trends continue.

Migration

Net migration in Nigeria is -35,202 people, meaning more people are leaving the country than arriving. Emigration may reflect economic challenges or conflict, and can lead to brain drain as skilled workers seek opportunities elsewhere.

Outlook

Based on current demographic trends, Nigeria's population dynamics reflect broader patterns seen across Western Africa. With a young population, the country has significant demographic potential if investments in education and employment keep pace with population growth.