Total number of people living in the country.
How many people live per square kilometer of land.
How long a newborn baby can expect to live on average.
Average number of children born to each woman. About 2.1 is needed to keep population stable.
Half the population is younger and half is older than this age.
Difference between people moving in and out. Positive means more arrivals.
Population Trend
How the total population has changed over the decades. A rising line means the country has been growing, a flat or falling line indicates stagnation or decline.
Population Projection to 2100
Estimated future population based on current trends in birth rates, death rates, and migration. The dashed line shows this is a projection, not actual data.
Birth Rate vs Death Rate
Birth rate (green) vs. death rate (red) per 1,000 people per year. When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, the population grows naturally.
Life Expectancy (Male vs Female)
Average number of years a newborn can expect to live. Blue shows men, red shows women. Women typically live longer in most countries.
Fertility Rate Trend
Total Fertility Rate — the average number of children per woman. A rate of about 2.1 is needed to maintain the population without immigration.
Population Pyramid
Shows the age distribution of the population. Blue bars (left) represent men, red bars (right) represent women. A wide base means a young population, a wide top means an aging population.
Historical Data
Detailed numbers for selected years showing how the country's key indicators have changed over time. Click column headers to sort.
| Year | Population | Growth Rate | Fertility Rate (TFR) | Life Expectancy | Median Age | Birth Rate | Death Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 66,170 | 0.00% | 6.65 | 58.3 | 19.2 | 44.3‰ | 10.6‰ |
| 1965 | 75,924 | 2.73% | 6.41 | 60.7 | 19.0 | 41.9‰ | 9.0‰ |
| 1970 | 84,401 | 1.81% | 6.07 | 63.2 | 18.6 | 38.8‰ | 7.6‰ |
| 1975 | 93,017 | 2.54% | 5.75 | 65.1 | 18.8 | 35.8‰ | 6.7‰ |
| 1980 | 97,769 | 0.23% | 5.60 | 66.2 | 20.4 | 36.1‰ | 6.6‰ |
| 1985 | 97,984 | -0.01% | 5.34 | 66.9 | 22.4 | 34.9‰ | 6.7‰ |
| 1990 | 99,700 | 0.30% | 4.93 | 67.5 | 23.4 | 33.3‰ | 6.8‰ |
| 1995 | 100,225 | 0.06% | 4.56 | 68.6 | 24.2 | 31.4‰ | 6.7‰ |
| 2000 | 102,677 | 0.62% | 4.16 | 69.6 | 25.4 | 29.4‰ | 6.6‰ |
| 2005 | 105,671 | 0.57% | 4.20 | 70.6 | 25.5 | 30.0‰ | 6.4‰ |
| 2010 | 107,400 | 0.18% | 3.88 | 71.3 | 26.0 | 28.0‰ | 6.3‰ |
| 2015 | 106,095 | -0.48% | 3.54 | 71.9 | 26.6 | 25.8‰ | 6.4‰ |
| 2020 | 105,704 | 0.03% | 3.23 | 72.4 | 27.3 | 23.6‰ | 6.5‰ |
| 2024 | 104,175 | -0.40% | 3.13 | 72.9 | 27.6 | 23.1‰ | 6.4‰ |
| 2025 | 103,754 | -0.40% | 3.13 | 73.0 | 27.7 | 23.1‰ | 6.4‰ |
| 2030 | 101,756 | -0.38% | 3.04 | 73.5 | 27.9 | 22.2‰ | 6.6‰ |
| 2035 | 99,932 | -0.35% | 2.95 | 74.0 | 28.1 | 21.4‰ | 6.8‰ |
| 2040 | 98,273 | -0.32% | 2.86 | 74.5 | 28.3 | 20.5‰ | 7.0‰ |
| 2045 | 96,773 | -0.30% | 2.77 | 75.0 | 28.5 | 19.6‰ | 7.1‰ |
| 2050 | 95,424 | -0.27% | 2.69 | 75.5 | 28.7 | 18.7‰ | 7.3‰ |
| 2055 | 94,221 | -0.24% | 2.60 | 76.0 | 28.9 | 17.9‰ | 7.5‰ |
| 2060 | 93,160 | -0.22% | 2.51 | 76.5 | 29.1 | 17.0‰ | 7.6‰ |
| 2065 | 92,234 | -0.19% | 2.42 | 77.0 | 29.3 | 16.1‰ | 7.8‰ |
| 2070 | 91,442 | -0.16% | 2.33 | 77.5 | 29.5 | 15.2‰ | 8.0‰ |
| 2075 | 90,778 | -0.13% | 2.24 | 78.0 | 29.7 | 14.4‰ | 8.1‰ |
| 2080 | 90,241 | -0.11% | 2.15 | 78.5 | 29.9 | 13.5‰ | 8.3‰ |
| 2085 | 89,828 | -0.08% | 2.07 | 79.0 | 30.1 | 12.6‰ | 8.5‰ |
| 2090 | 89,538 | -0.05% | 1.98 | 79.5 | 30.3 | 11.7‰ | 8.7‰ |
| 2095 | 89,370 | -0.03% | 1.89 | 80.0 | 30.5 | 10.9‰ | 8.8‰ |
| 2100 | 89,321 | 0.00% | 1.80 | 80.5 | 30.7 | 10.0‰ | 9.0‰ |
About Country — Tonga
Tonga is a country in Oceania (Polynesia) with a total population of 104,175 as of 2024. It covers an area of 747 km², resulting in a population density of 145.3 people per km².
The average life expectancy is 72.9 years (69.4 for men, 76.4 for women). The fertility rate stands at 3.13 children per woman, and the median age of the population is 27.6 years.
The country's population growth rate is -0.40% per year. Net migration is -2,149 people, indicating that more people are leaving the country than arriving. The infant mortality rate is 8.0 per 1,000 live births.
Demographic Profile
Tonga is located in Polynesia, a part of Oceania, and covers an area of 747 km². With a population of 104,175, the country has a population density of 145.3 inhabitants per square kilometer, which is above the global average of approximately 60 people per km².
The demographic structure of Tonga reveals a population in demographic transition. The median age of 27.6 years means that half of the population is younger and half is older than this age. The population is in a transitional phase, with declining birth rates and improving life expectancy gradually shifting the age structure toward an older profile.
Health and Longevity
Life expectancy in Tonga stands at 72.9 years overall — 69.4 years for men and 76.4 years for women. This is close to the global average, indicating ongoing improvements in healthcare and living conditions. The infant mortality rate is 8.0 per 1,000 live births, which is considered very low and indicates excellent maternal and infant healthcare.
Fertility and Population Growth
The total fertility rate (TFR) of 3.13 children per woman is above the replacement level of 2.1, contributing to population growth. The population is shrinking at a rate of -0.40% per year. This decline is driven by low birth rates, emigration, or a combination of both factors.
Migration
Net migration in Tonga is -2,149 people, meaning more people are leaving the country than arriving. Emigration may reflect economic challenges or conflict, and can lead to brain drain as skilled workers seek opportunities elsewhere.
Outlook
Based on current demographic trends, Tonga's population dynamics reflect broader patterns seen across Polynesia. The ongoing demographic transition will require careful policy planning to harness the potential of a changing population structure.
Year Reviews
2024
In 2024, Tonga had a population of 104,175. Located in Oceania (Polynesia), the country experienced a population growth rate of -0.40%.
The total fertility rate stood at 3.13 children per woman. Life expectancy was 72.9 years overall, with men averaging 69.4 years and women 76.4 years. The median age of the population was 27.6 years.
The crude birth rate was 23.1 per 1,000 people, while the crude death rate was 6.4 per 1,000 people. Net migration amounted to -2,149 people. The infant mortality rate was 8.0 per 1,000 live births.
2000
In 2000, Tonga had a population of 102,677. Located in Oceania (Polynesia), the country experienced a population growth rate of 0.62%.
The total fertility rate stood at 4.16 children per woman. Life expectancy was 69.6 years overall, with men averaging 66.1 years and women 73.7 years. The median age of the population was 25.4 years.
The crude birth rate was 29.4 per 1,000 people, while the crude death rate was 6.6 per 1,000 people. Net migration amounted to -1,721 people. The infant mortality rate was 13.8 per 1,000 live births.
1974
In 1974, Tonga had a population of 90,683. Located in Oceania (Polynesia), the country experienced a population growth rate of 2.09%.
The total fertility rate stood at 5.77 children per woman. Life expectancy was 64.8 years overall, with men averaging 62.3 years and women 67.8 years. The median age of the population was 18.8 years.
The crude birth rate was 36.0 per 1,000 people, while the crude death rate was 6.8 per 1,000 people. Net migration amounted to -344 people. The infant mortality rate was 31.3 per 1,000 live births.
1964
In 1964, Tonga had a population of 73,879. Located in Oceania (Polynesia), the country experienced a population growth rate of 2.74%.
The total fertility rate stood at 6.46 children per woman. Life expectancy was 60.3 years overall, with men averaging 58.0 years and women 62.9 years. The median age of the population was 19.0 years.
The crude birth rate was 42.4 per 1,000 people, while the crude death rate was 9.3 per 1,000 people. Net migration amounted to -428 people. The infant mortality rate was 58.4 per 1,000 live births.
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