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Tonga

Oceania · Polynesia · TON · 747 km²
Population
104,175
Year 2024

Total number of people living in the country.

Population Density
145.3/km²

How many people live per square kilometer of land.

Life Expectancy
72.9 years
♂ 69.4 / ♀ 76.4

How long a newborn baby can expect to live on average.

Fertility Rate (TFR)
3.13
children per woman

Average number of children born to each woman. About 2.1 is needed to keep population stable.

Median Age
27.6 years

Half the population is younger and half is older than this age.

Net Migration
-2,149

Difference between people moving in and out. Positive means more arrivals.

Key demographic indicators for Tonga as of 2024. These numbers give a quick overview of the country's population size, density, birth rates, life expectancy, and migration patterns.

Population Trend

How the total population has changed over the decades. A rising line means the country has been growing, a flat or falling line indicates stagnation or decline.

Population Projection to 2100

Estimated future population based on current trends in birth rates, death rates, and migration. The dashed line shows this is a projection, not actual data.

Birth Rate vs Death Rate

Birth rate (green) vs. death rate (red) per 1,000 people per year. When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, the population grows naturally.

Life Expectancy (Male vs Female)

Average number of years a newborn can expect to live. Blue shows men, red shows women. Women typically live longer in most countries.

Fertility Rate Trend

Total Fertility Rate — the average number of children per woman. A rate of about 2.1 is needed to maintain the population without immigration.

Population Pyramid

Shows the age distribution of the population. Blue bars (left) represent men, red bars (right) represent women. A wide base means a young population, a wide top means an aging population.

Historical Data

Detailed numbers for selected years showing how the country's key indicators have changed over time. Click column headers to sort.

Year Population Growth Rate Fertility Rate (TFR) Life Expectancy Median Age Birth Rate Death Rate
1960 66,170 0.00% 6.65 58.3 19.2 44.3‰ 10.6‰
1965 75,924 2.73% 6.41 60.7 19.0 41.9‰ 9.0‰
1970 84,401 1.81% 6.07 63.2 18.6 38.8‰ 7.6‰
1975 93,017 2.54% 5.75 65.1 18.8 35.8‰ 6.7‰
1980 97,769 0.23% 5.60 66.2 20.4 36.1‰ 6.6‰
1985 97,984 -0.01% 5.34 66.9 22.4 34.9‰ 6.7‰
1990 99,700 0.30% 4.93 67.5 23.4 33.3‰ 6.8‰
1995 100,225 0.06% 4.56 68.6 24.2 31.4‰ 6.7‰
2000 102,677 0.62% 4.16 69.6 25.4 29.4‰ 6.6‰
2005 105,671 0.57% 4.20 70.6 25.5 30.0‰ 6.4‰
2010 107,400 0.18% 3.88 71.3 26.0 28.0‰ 6.3‰
2015 106,095 -0.48% 3.54 71.9 26.6 25.8‰ 6.4‰
2020 105,704 0.03% 3.23 72.4 27.3 23.6‰ 6.5‰
2024 104,175 -0.40% 3.13 72.9 27.6 23.1‰ 6.4‰
2025 103,754 -0.40% 3.13 73.0 27.7 23.1‰ 6.4‰
2030 101,756 -0.38% 3.04 73.5 27.9 22.2‰ 6.6‰
2035 99,932 -0.35% 2.95 74.0 28.1 21.4‰ 6.8‰
2040 98,273 -0.32% 2.86 74.5 28.3 20.5‰ 7.0‰
2045 96,773 -0.30% 2.77 75.0 28.5 19.6‰ 7.1‰
2050 95,424 -0.27% 2.69 75.5 28.7 18.7‰ 7.3‰
2055 94,221 -0.24% 2.60 76.0 28.9 17.9‰ 7.5‰
2060 93,160 -0.22% 2.51 76.5 29.1 17.0‰ 7.6‰
2065 92,234 -0.19% 2.42 77.0 29.3 16.1‰ 7.8‰
2070 91,442 -0.16% 2.33 77.5 29.5 15.2‰ 8.0‰
2075 90,778 -0.13% 2.24 78.0 29.7 14.4‰ 8.1‰
2080 90,241 -0.11% 2.15 78.5 29.9 13.5‰ 8.3‰
2085 89,828 -0.08% 2.07 79.0 30.1 12.6‰ 8.5‰
2090 89,538 -0.05% 1.98 79.5 30.3 11.7‰ 8.7‰
2095 89,370 -0.03% 1.89 80.0 30.5 10.9‰ 8.8‰
2100 89,321 0.00% 1.80 80.5 30.7 10.0‰ 9.0‰

About Country — Tonga

Tonga is a country in Oceania (Polynesia) with a total population of 104,175 as of 2024. It covers an area of 747 km², resulting in a population density of 145.3 people per km².

The average life expectancy is 72.9 years (69.4 for men, 76.4 for women). The fertility rate stands at 3.13 children per woman, and the median age of the population is 27.6 years.

The country's population growth rate is -0.40% per year. Net migration is -2,149 people, indicating that more people are leaving the country than arriving. The infant mortality rate is 8.0 per 1,000 live births.

Demographic Profile

Tonga is located in Polynesia, a part of Oceania, and covers an area of 747 km². With a population of 104,175, the country has a population density of 145.3 inhabitants per square kilometer, which is above the global average of approximately 60 people per km².

The demographic structure of Tonga reveals a population in demographic transition. The median age of 27.6 years means that half of the population is younger and half is older than this age. The population is in a transitional phase, with declining birth rates and improving life expectancy gradually shifting the age structure toward an older profile.

Health and Longevity

Life expectancy in Tonga stands at 72.9 years overall — 69.4 years for men and 76.4 years for women. This is close to the global average, indicating ongoing improvements in healthcare and living conditions. The infant mortality rate is 8.0 per 1,000 live births, which is considered very low and indicates excellent maternal and infant healthcare.

Fertility and Population Growth

The total fertility rate (TFR) of 3.13 children per woman is above the replacement level of 2.1, contributing to population growth. The population is shrinking at a rate of -0.40% per year. This decline is driven by low birth rates, emigration, or a combination of both factors.

Migration

Net migration in Tonga is -2,149 people, meaning more people are leaving the country than arriving. Emigration may reflect economic challenges or conflict, and can lead to brain drain as skilled workers seek opportunities elsewhere.

Outlook

Based on current demographic trends, Tonga's population dynamics reflect broader patterns seen across Polynesia. The ongoing demographic transition will require careful policy planning to harness the potential of a changing population structure.

Year Reviews

2024

In 2024, Tonga had a population of 104,175. Located in Oceania (Polynesia), the country experienced a population growth rate of -0.40%.

The total fertility rate stood at 3.13 children per woman. Life expectancy was 72.9 years overall, with men averaging 69.4 years and women 76.4 years. The median age of the population was 27.6 years.

The crude birth rate was 23.1 per 1,000 people, while the crude death rate was 6.4 per 1,000 people. Net migration amounted to -2,149 people. The infant mortality rate was 8.0 per 1,000 live births.

2000

In 2000, Tonga had a population of 102,677. Located in Oceania (Polynesia), the country experienced a population growth rate of 0.62%.

The total fertility rate stood at 4.16 children per woman. Life expectancy was 69.6 years overall, with men averaging 66.1 years and women 73.7 years. The median age of the population was 25.4 years.

The crude birth rate was 29.4 per 1,000 people, while the crude death rate was 6.6 per 1,000 people. Net migration amounted to -1,721 people. The infant mortality rate was 13.8 per 1,000 live births.

1974

In 1974, Tonga had a population of 90,683. Located in Oceania (Polynesia), the country experienced a population growth rate of 2.09%.

The total fertility rate stood at 5.77 children per woman. Life expectancy was 64.8 years overall, with men averaging 62.3 years and women 67.8 years. The median age of the population was 18.8 years.

The crude birth rate was 36.0 per 1,000 people, while the crude death rate was 6.8 per 1,000 people. Net migration amounted to -344 people. The infant mortality rate was 31.3 per 1,000 live births.

1964

In 1964, Tonga had a population of 73,879. Located in Oceania (Polynesia), the country experienced a population growth rate of 2.74%.

The total fertility rate stood at 6.46 children per woman. Life expectancy was 60.3 years overall, with men averaging 58.0 years and women 62.9 years. The median age of the population was 19.0 years.

The crude birth rate was 42.4 per 1,000 people, while the crude death rate was 9.3 per 1,000 people. Net migration amounted to -428 people. The infant mortality rate was 58.4 per 1,000 live births.

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