Sri Lanka is a country in Asia (Southern Asia) with a total population of 21,916,000 as of 2024. It covers an area of 65,610 km², resulting in a population density of 356.2 people per km².

The average life expectancy is 77.5 years (74.2 for men, 80.6 for women). The fertility rate stands at 1.97 children per woman, and the median age of the population is 36.2 years.

The country's population growth rate is -0.55% per year. Net migration is -27,245 people, indicating that more people are leaving the country than arriving. The infant mortality rate is 5.3 per 1,000 live births.

Demographic Profile

Sri Lanka is located in Southern Asia, a part of Asia, and covers an area of 65,610 km². With a population of 21,916,000, the country has a population density of 356.2 inhabitants per square kilometer, which is above the global average of approximately 60 people per km².

The demographic structure of Sri Lanka reveals an aging population. The median age of 36.2 years means that half of the population is younger and half is older than this age. This aging population structure poses challenges for pension systems, healthcare provision, and the labor market, as the ratio of working-age to retired individuals continues to decline.

Health and Longevity

Life expectancy in Sri Lanka stands at 77.5 years overall — 74.2 years for men and 80.6 years for women. This places the country among those with high life expectancy globally, reflecting well-developed healthcare systems and living standards. The infant mortality rate is 5.3 per 1,000 live births, which is considered very low and indicates excellent maternal and infant healthcare.

Fertility and Population Growth

The total fertility rate (TFR) of 1.97 children per woman is near the replacement level of 2.1, suggesting population stability. The population is shrinking at a rate of -0.55% per year. This decline is driven by low birth rates, emigration, or a combination of both factors.

Migration

Net migration in Sri Lanka is -27,245 people, meaning more people are leaving the country than arriving. Emigration may reflect economic challenges or conflict, and can lead to brain drain as skilled workers seek opportunities elsewhere.

Outlook

Based on current demographic trends, Sri Lanka's population dynamics reflect broader patterns seen across Southern Asia. As the population ages, adapting social security systems and healthcare to serve a growing elderly population will be a key challenge.