Somalia is a country in Africa (Eastern Africa) with a total population of 19,009,151 as of 2024. It covers an area of 637,657 km², resulting in a population density of 29.3 people per km².

The average life expectancy is 58.8 years (56.4 for men, 61.4 for women). The fertility rate stands at 6.13 children per woman, and the median age of the population is 18.4 years.

The country's population growth rate is 3.48% per year. Net migration is 26,859 people, indicating that more people are moving into the country than leaving. The infant mortality rate is 67.8 per 1,000 live births.

Demographic Profile

Somalia is located in Eastern Africa, a part of Africa, and covers an area of 637,657 km². With a population of 19,009,151, the country has a population density of 29.3 inhabitants per square kilometer, which is below the global average of approximately 60 people per km².

The demographic structure of Somalia reveals a relatively young population. The median age of 18.4 years means that half of the population is younger and half is older than this age. This young demographic structure suggests a large working-age population entering the labor market in coming years, presenting both opportunities for economic growth and challenges in terms of job creation and education.

Health and Longevity

Life expectancy in Somalia stands at 58.8 years overall — 56.4 years for men and 61.4 years for women. This is below the global average, reflecting challenges in healthcare access, nutrition, or ongoing conflicts. The infant mortality rate is 67.8 per 1,000 live births, which indicates significant challenges in maternal and child healthcare.

Fertility and Population Growth

The total fertility rate (TFR) of 6.13 children per woman is above the replacement level of 2.1, contributing to population growth. The population is growing at a rate of 3.48% per year. At this rate, the population could double within approximately 20 years if trends continue.

Migration

Net migration in Somalia is 26,859 people, meaning more people are moving into the country than leaving. The country serves as a destination for migrants, which helps offset low natural population growth and fills labor market needs.

Outlook

Based on current demographic trends, Somalia's population dynamics reflect broader patterns seen across Eastern Africa. With a young population, the country has significant demographic potential if investments in education and employment keep pace with population growth.