Saudi Arabia is a country in Asia (Western Asia) with a total population of 35,300,280 as of 2024. It covers an area of 2,149,690 km², resulting in a population density of 15.7 people per km².

The average life expectancy is 78.7 years (77.1 for men, 81.2 for women). The fertility rate stands at 2.28 children per woman, and the median age of the population is 32.9 years.

The country's population growth rate is 4.63% per year. Net migration is 122,170 people, indicating that more people are moving into the country than leaving. The infant mortality rate is 4.9 per 1,000 live births.

Demographic Profile

Saudi Arabia is located in Western Asia, a part of Asia, and covers an area of 2,149,690 km². With a population of 35,300,280, the country has a population density of 15.7 inhabitants per square kilometer, which is below the global average of approximately 60 people per km².

The demographic structure of Saudi Arabia reveals a population in demographic transition. The median age of 32.9 years means that half of the population is younger and half is older than this age. The population is in a transitional phase, with declining birth rates and improving life expectancy gradually shifting the age structure toward an older profile.

Health and Longevity

Life expectancy in Saudi Arabia stands at 78.7 years overall — 77.1 years for men and 81.2 years for women. This places the country among those with high life expectancy globally, reflecting well-developed healthcare systems and living standards. The infant mortality rate is 4.9 per 1,000 live births, which is considered very low and indicates excellent maternal and infant healthcare.

Fertility and Population Growth

The total fertility rate (TFR) of 2.28 children per woman is near the replacement level of 2.1, suggesting population stability. The population is growing at a rate of 4.63% per year. At this rate, the population could double within approximately 15 years if trends continue.

Migration

Net migration in Saudi Arabia is 122,170 people, meaning more people are moving into the country than leaving. The country serves as a destination for migrants, which helps offset low natural population growth and fills labor market needs.

Outlook

Based on current demographic trends, Saudi Arabia's population dynamics reflect broader patterns seen across Western Asia. The ongoing demographic transition will require careful policy planning to harness the potential of a changing population structure.