Madagascar is a country in Africa (Eastern Africa) with a total population of 31,964,956 as of 2024. It covers an area of 587,041 km², resulting in a population density of 53.6 people per km².

The average life expectancy is 63.6 years (61.9 for men, 65.4 for women). The fertility rate stands at 3.97 children per woman, and the median age of the population is 24.4 years.

The country's population growth rate is 2.44% per year. Net migration is -1,795 people, indicating that more people are leaving the country than arriving. The infant mortality rate is 44.2 per 1,000 live births.

Demographic Profile

Madagascar is located in Eastern Africa, a part of Africa, and covers an area of 587,041 km². With a population of 31,964,956, the country has a population density of 53.6 inhabitants per square kilometer, which is close to the global average of approximately 60 people per km².

The demographic structure of Madagascar reveals a relatively young population. The median age of 24.4 years means that half of the population is younger and half is older than this age. This young demographic structure suggests a large working-age population entering the labor market in coming years, presenting both opportunities for economic growth and challenges in terms of job creation and education.

Health and Longevity

Life expectancy in Madagascar stands at 63.6 years overall — 61.9 years for men and 65.4 years for women. This is below the global average, reflecting challenges in healthcare access, nutrition, or ongoing conflicts. The infant mortality rate is 44.2 per 1,000 live births, which indicates significant challenges in maternal and child healthcare.

Fertility and Population Growth

The total fertility rate (TFR) of 3.97 children per woman is above the replacement level of 2.1, contributing to population growth. The population is growing at a rate of 2.44% per year. At this rate, the population could double within approximately 29 years if trends continue.

Migration

Net migration in Madagascar is -1,795 people, meaning more people are leaving the country than arriving. Emigration may reflect economic challenges or conflict, and can lead to brain drain as skilled workers seek opportunities elsewhere.

Outlook

Based on current demographic trends, Madagascar's population dynamics reflect broader patterns seen across Eastern Africa. With a young population, the country has significant demographic potential if investments in education and employment keep pace with population growth.