Greenland is a country in North America (Northern America) with a total population of 56,836 as of 2024. It covers an area of 2,166,086 km², resulting in a population density of 0.1 people per km².

The average life expectancy is 71.5 years (69.7 for men, 73.5 for women). The fertility rate stands at 1.77 children per woman, and the median age of the population is 36.3 years.

The country's population growth rate is -0.05% per year. Net migration is -284 people, indicating that more people are leaving the country than arriving. The infant mortality rate is 0.0 per 1,000 live births.

Demographic Profile

Greenland is located in Northern America, a part of North America, and covers an area of 2,166,086 km². With a population of 56,836, the country has a population density of 0.1 inhabitants per square kilometer, which is below the global average of approximately 60 people per km².

The demographic structure of Greenland reveals an aging population. The median age of 36.3 years means that half of the population is younger and half is older than this age. This aging population structure poses challenges for pension systems, healthcare provision, and the labor market, as the ratio of working-age to retired individuals continues to decline.

Health and Longevity

Life expectancy in Greenland stands at 71.5 years overall — 69.7 years for men and 73.5 years for women. This is close to the global average, indicating ongoing improvements in healthcare and living conditions. The infant mortality rate is 0.0 per 1,000 live births, which is considered very low and indicates excellent maternal and infant healthcare.

Fertility and Population Growth

The total fertility rate (TFR) of 1.77 children per woman is below the replacement level of 2.1, which without immigration leads to population decline over time. The population is roughly stable at a rate of -0.05% per year. This decline is driven by low birth rates, emigration, or a combination of both factors.

Migration

Net migration in Greenland is -284 people, meaning more people are leaving the country than arriving. Emigration may reflect economic challenges or conflict, and can lead to brain drain as skilled workers seek opportunities elsewhere.

Outlook

Based on current demographic trends, Greenland's population dynamics reflect broader patterns seen across Northern America. As the population ages, adapting social security systems and healthcare to serve a growing elderly population will be a key challenge.