El Salvador is a country in North America (Central America) with a total population of 6,338,193 as of 2024. It covers an area of 21,041 km², resulting in a population density of 304.5 people per km².

The average life expectancy is 72.1 years (67.5 for men, 76.3 for women). The fertility rate stands at 1.78 children per woman, and the median age of the population is 33.8 years.

The country's population growth rate is 0.45% per year. Net migration is -23,102 people, indicating that more people are leaving the country than arriving. The infant mortality rate is 9.2 per 1,000 live births.

Demographic Profile

El Salvador is located in Central America, a part of North America, and covers an area of 21,041 km². With a population of 6,338,193, the country has a population density of 304.5 inhabitants per square kilometer, which is above the global average of approximately 60 people per km².

The demographic structure of El Salvador reveals a population in demographic transition. The median age of 33.8 years means that half of the population is younger and half is older than this age. The population is in a transitional phase, with declining birth rates and improving life expectancy gradually shifting the age structure toward an older profile.

Health and Longevity

Life expectancy in El Salvador stands at 72.1 years overall — 67.5 years for men and 76.3 years for women. This is close to the global average, indicating ongoing improvements in healthcare and living conditions. The infant mortality rate is 9.2 per 1,000 live births, which is considered very low and indicates excellent maternal and infant healthcare.

Fertility and Population Growth

The total fertility rate (TFR) of 1.78 children per woman is below the replacement level of 2.1, which without immigration leads to population decline over time. The population is growing at a rate of 0.45% per year. This moderate growth rate reflects a balance between natural increase and migration patterns.

Migration

Net migration in El Salvador is -23,102 people, meaning more people are leaving the country than arriving. Emigration may reflect economic challenges or conflict, and can lead to brain drain as skilled workers seek opportunities elsewhere.

Outlook

Based on current demographic trends, El Salvador's population dynamics reflect broader patterns seen across Central America. The ongoing demographic transition will require careful policy planning to harness the potential of a changing population structure.