Colombia is a country in South America (South America) with a total population of 52,886,363 as of 2024. It covers an area of 1,141,748 km², resulting in a population density of 47.2 people per km².

The average life expectancy is 77.7 years (75.0 for men, 80.5 for women). The fertility rate stands at 1.65 children per woman, and the median age of the population is 36.2 years.

The country's population growth rate is 1.07% per year. Net migration is 141,643 people, indicating that more people are moving into the country than leaving. The infant mortality rate is 10.9 per 1,000 live births.

Demographic Profile

Colombia is located in South America, a part of South America, and covers an area of 1,141,748 km². With a population of 52,886,363, the country has a population density of 47.2 inhabitants per square kilometer, which is close to the global average of approximately 60 people per km².

The demographic structure of Colombia reveals an aging population. The median age of 36.2 years means that half of the population is younger and half is older than this age. This aging population structure poses challenges for pension systems, healthcare provision, and the labor market, as the ratio of working-age to retired individuals continues to decline.

Health and Longevity

Life expectancy in Colombia stands at 77.7 years overall — 75.0 years for men and 80.5 years for women. This places the country among those with high life expectancy globally, reflecting well-developed healthcare systems and living standards. The infant mortality rate is 10.9 per 1,000 live births, which reflects moderate healthcare conditions with room for improvement.

Fertility and Population Growth

The total fertility rate (TFR) of 1.65 children per woman is below the replacement level of 2.1, which without immigration leads to population decline over time. The population is growing at a rate of 1.07% per year. This moderate growth rate reflects a balance between natural increase and migration patterns.

Migration

Net migration in Colombia is 141,643 people, meaning more people are moving into the country than leaving. The country serves as a destination for migrants, which helps offset low natural population growth and fills labor market needs.

Outlook

Based on current demographic trends, Colombia's population dynamics reflect broader patterns seen across South America. As the population ages, adapting social security systems and healthcare to serve a growing elderly population will be a key challenge.