Chad is a country in Africa (Middle Africa) with a total population of 20,299,123 as of 2024. It covers an area of 1,284,000 km², resulting in a population density of 15.3 people per km².

The average life expectancy is 55.1 years (53.2 for men, 57.0 for women). The fertility rate stands at 6.12 children per woman, and the median age of the population is 18.8 years.

The country's population growth rate is 4.95% per year. Net migration is 204,040 people, indicating that more people are moving into the country than leaving. The infant mortality rate is 58.7 per 1,000 live births.

Demographic Profile

Chad is located in Middle Africa, a part of Africa, and covers an area of 1,284,000 km². With a population of 20,299,123, the country has a population density of 15.3 inhabitants per square kilometer, which is below the global average of approximately 60 people per km².

The demographic structure of Chad reveals a relatively young population. The median age of 18.8 years means that half of the population is younger and half is older than this age. This young demographic structure suggests a large working-age population entering the labor market in coming years, presenting both opportunities for economic growth and challenges in terms of job creation and education.

Health and Longevity

Life expectancy in Chad stands at 55.1 years overall — 53.2 years for men and 57.0 years for women. This is below the global average, reflecting challenges in healthcare access, nutrition, or ongoing conflicts. The infant mortality rate is 58.7 per 1,000 live births, which indicates significant challenges in maternal and child healthcare.

Fertility and Population Growth

The total fertility rate (TFR) of 6.12 children per woman is above the replacement level of 2.1, contributing to population growth. The population is growing at a rate of 4.95% per year. At this rate, the population could double within approximately 14 years if trends continue.

Migration

Net migration in Chad is 204,040 people, meaning more people are moving into the country than leaving. The country serves as a destination for migrants, which helps offset low natural population growth and fills labor market needs.

Outlook

Based on current demographic trends, Chad's population dynamics reflect broader patterns seen across Middle Africa. With a young population, the country has significant demographic potential if investments in education and employment keep pace with population growth.