Brunei Darussalam is a country in Asia (South-Eastern Asia) with a total population of 462,721 as of 2024. It covers an area of 5,765 km², resulting in a population density of 87.1 people per km².

The average life expectancy is 75.3 years (73.3 for men, 77.6 for women). The fertility rate stands at 1.75 children per woman, and the median age of the population is 35.2 years.

The country's population growth rate is 0.82% per year. Net migration is 0 people, indicating that immigration and emigration are roughly balanced. The infant mortality rate is 8.2 per 1,000 live births.

Demographic Profile

Brunei Darussalam is located in South-Eastern Asia, a part of Asia, and covers an area of 5,765 km². With a population of 462,721, the country has a population density of 87.1 inhabitants per square kilometer, which is above the global average of approximately 60 people per km².

The demographic structure of Brunei Darussalam reveals an aging population. The median age of 35.2 years means that half of the population is younger and half is older than this age. This aging population structure poses challenges for pension systems, healthcare provision, and the labor market, as the ratio of working-age to retired individuals continues to decline.

Health and Longevity

Life expectancy in Brunei Darussalam stands at 75.3 years overall — 73.3 years for men and 77.6 years for women. This places the country among those with high life expectancy globally, reflecting well-developed healthcare systems and living standards. The infant mortality rate is 8.2 per 1,000 live births, which is considered very low and indicates excellent maternal and infant healthcare.

Fertility and Population Growth

The total fertility rate (TFR) of 1.75 children per woman is below the replacement level of 2.1, which without immigration leads to population decline over time. The population is growing at a rate of 0.82% per year. This moderate growth rate reflects a balance between natural increase and migration patterns.

Migration

Net migration in Brunei Darussalam is 0 people, meaning immigration and emigration are roughly balanced. Balanced migration suggests the country neither strongly attracts nor loses population through international movement.

Outlook

Based on current demographic trends, Brunei Darussalam's population dynamics reflect broader patterns seen across South-Eastern Asia. As the population ages, adapting social security systems and healthcare to serve a growing elderly population will be a key challenge.